There is a long history for sports as a marketing vehicle. With enormous business opportunities and expanding market, Chinese enterprises, large and small, are taking advantages of "in-depth marketing" to build their brand names with all their resources and promote…

In our study we compared the psychology immuncompetence values of two groups. The participants are former kayak-canoe sportsmen, and teachers who don’t do any sports. 50 former sportsmen and 50 teachers participated in our study. The participants filled four questionnaires.

Teaching activities on PE lessons are quite different from the ones on other lessons because of the interactions while teaching activities. One of the main characteristic features is that pupils answer the teacher with motor activity, so lesson work is…

The aim of this study was to compare flexibility in the Czech population in age 18 - 59. The values of isometric strength were obtained using a sit and reach test (measuring of maximal reach in sit). In comparison with…

The purpose of this paper is to present a specific testing protocol for monitoring upper-body strength using medicine ball throws. The protocol is composed of three tests: throw without countermovement, throw with countermovement, and throw with countermovement of a medicine…

Periodization represents an optimal modality for organizing training programs in athletes, recreational and rehabilitative practitioners. The selected procedure, however, should be based on the athlete’s age, level of performance, specific goals or competition characteristics. A common theme throughout all periodization…

Over the last three decades, several studies have applied Hellison’s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model; most of them have generated strong empirical evidences that support that theoretical framework. TPSR is a programme for positive youth development through physical…

This study aims to show how the 4-2 Defensive Play System in Handball has developed both tactically and structurally over time. Logically, since its first appearance in Czechoslovakia during the 1960s, there have been certain physical, technical and tactical changes.…

Maximal Dynamic Strength is usually assessed either by the one repetition maximum test (1-RM) or by a repetition maximum test with submaximal loads, which requires the application of a formula to estimate the value of 1-RM. This value is needed…

Hypontremia defined as a serum concentration below 135 mmol/L (1 mmol/L - 1mEq/L). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of half-ironman triathlon on serum sodium concentration in Brazilian triathletes. Significant changes after triathlon completion was…