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Aproximadamente 291 registro(s) hasta el momento: (knowledge)

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Recurso libre

Supporting Organizational Problem Solving with a Workstation
Barber, Gerald

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper describes an approach to supporting work in the office. Using and extending ideas from the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) we describe office work as a problem solving activity. A knowledge embedding language called Omega is used to…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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The FRL Primer
Roberts, R. Bruce - Goldstein, Ira P.

Formato:
Enlaces:	The Frame Representation Language (FRL) is an experimental language written to explore the use of frames as a knowledge representation technique. The term 'frame' as used in FRL was inspired by Minsky's [75] development of frame theory. FRL extends the…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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D-SCRIPT: A Computational Theory of Descriptions
Moore, Robert C.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper descries D-SCRIPT, a language for representing knowledge in artificial intelligence programs. D-SCRIPT contains a powerful formalism for descriptions, which permits the representation of statements that are problematical for other systems. Particular attention is paid to problems of opaque…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Explicit Control of Reasoning
Kleer, Johan de - Doyle, Jon - Steele, Guy L., Jr. - Sussman, Gerald Jay

Formato:
Enlaces:	The construction of expert problem-solving systems requires the development of techniques for using modular representations of knowledge without encountering combinatorial explosions in the solution effort. This report describes an approach to dealing with this problem based on making some knowledge…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Spatial Knowledge
Kuipers, Benjamin

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper introduces a model of spatial cognition to describe the states of partial knowledge that people have about the spatial structure of a large-scale environment. Spatial knowledge has several different representations, each of which captures one aspect of the…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Jokes and the Logic of the Cognitive Unconscious
Minsky, Marvin

Formato:
Enlaces:	Freud's theory of jokes explains how they overcome the mental "censors" that make it hard for us to think "forbidden" thoughts. But his theory did not work so well for humorous nonsense as for other comical subjects. In this essay…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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The Progressive Construction of Mind
Lawler, Robert W.

Formato:
Enlaces:	We propose a vision of the structure of knowledge and processes of learning based upon the particularity of experience. Highly specific cognitive structures are constructed through activities in limited domains of experience. For new domains, new cognitive structures develop from…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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On "Learnable" Representations of Knowledge: A Meaning for the Computational Metaphor
diSessa, Andrea A.

Formato:
Enlaces:	The computational metaphor which proposes the comparison of processes of mind to realizable or imaginable computer activities suggests a number of educational concerns. This paper discusses some of those concerns including procedural modes of knowledge representation and control knowledge ??owing…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Frame-based Text Processing
Rosenberg, Steven T.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper presents an overview of a theory of discourse structure, and discusses a model for assimilating text into a frame-based data structure. The model has been applied to the analysis of news articles. The theory assumes sentences contain links…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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10.

A Computational Model for the Acquisition and Use of Phonological Knowledge
Yip, Kenneth - Sussman, Gerald Jay

Formato:
Enlaces:	Does knowledge of language consist of symbolic rules? How do children learn and use their linguistic knowledge? To elucidate these questions, we present a computational model that acquires phonological knowledge from a corpus of common English nouns and verbs. In…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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11.

Meta-Rules: Reasoning About Control
Davis - Randall

Formato:
Enlaces:	How can we insure that knowledge embedded in a program is applied effectively? Traditionally the answer to this question has been sought in different problem solving paradigms and in different approaches to encoding and indexing knowledge. Each of these is…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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12.

Understanding Understanding Mathematics
Michener, Edwina Rissland

Formato:
Enlaces:	In this paper we look at some of the ingredients and processes involved in the understanding of mathematics. We analyze elements of mathematical knowledge, organize them in a coherent way and take note of certain classes of items that share…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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13.

NUDGE, A Knowledge-Based Scheduling Program
Goldstein, Ira P. - Roberts, R. Bruce

Formato:
Enlaces:	Traditional scheduling algorithms (using the techniques of PERT charts, decision analysis or operations research) require well-defined quantitative, complete sets of constraints. They are insufficient for scheduling situations where the problem description is ill-defined, involving incomplete, possibly inconsistent and generally qualitative…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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14.

A Frame for Frames: Representing Knowledge for Recognition
Kuipers, Benjamin J.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper presents a version of frames suitable for representing knowledge for a class of reconition problems. An initial section gives an intuitive model of frames, and illustrates a number of desirable features of such a representation. A more technical…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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15.

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Brady, Michael

Formato:
Enlaces:	Since Robotics is the field concerned with the connection of perception to action, Artificial Intelligence must have a central role in Robotics if the connection is to be intelligent. Artificial Intelligence addresses the crucial questions of: what knowledge is required…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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16.

Semantics of Inheritance and Attributions in the Description System Omega
Attardi, Giuseppe - Simi, Maria

Formato:
Enlaces:	Omega is a description system for knowledge embedding which incorporates some of the attractive modes of expression in common sense reasoning such as descriptions, inheritance, quantification, negation, attributions and multiple viewpoints. A formalization of Omega is developed as a framework…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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17.

Proposal to ARPA for Continued Research on A.I. for 1973
Minsky, Marvin - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory proposes to continue its work on a group of closely interconnected projects, all bearing on questions about how to make computers able to use more sophisticated kinds of knowledge to solve difficult problems. This proposal explains…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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18.

An AI Approach to English Morphemic Analysis
Winograd, Terry

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper illustrated an approach toward understanding natural language through the techniques of artificial intelligence. It explores the structure of English word-endings both morpho-graphemically and semantically. It illustrated the use of procedures and semantic representations in relating the broad range…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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19.

CREF: An Editing Facility for Managing Structured Text
Pitman, Kent M.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper reports work in progress on an experimental text editor called CREF, the Cross Referenced Editing Facility. CREF deals with chunks of text, called segments, which may have associated features such as keywords or various kinds of links to…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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20.

Learning and Reasoning by Analogy: The Details
Winston, Patrick H.

Formato:
Enlaces:	We use analogy when we say something is a Cinderella story and when we learn about resistors by thinking about water pipes. We also use analogy when we learn subjects like Economics, Medicine and Law. This paper presents a theory…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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21.

A Hypothetical Monologue Illustrating the Knowledge Underlying Program Analysis
Shrobe, Howard E. - Waters, Richard C. - Sussman, Gerald J.

Formato:
Enlaces:	Automated Program Analysis is the process of discovering decompositions of a system into sub-units such that the behavior of the whole program can be inferred from the behavior of its parts. Analysis can be employed to increase the explanatory power…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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22.

Proposal to ARPA for Continued Research on A.I.
Minsky, Marvin

Formato:
Enlaces:	The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory proposes to continue its work on a group of closely interconnected projects, all bearing on questions about how to make computers able to use more sophisticated kinds of knowledge to solve difficult problems. This proposal explains…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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23.

Infants in Children Stories - Toward a Model of Natural Language Comprehension
Meyer, Garry S.

Formato:
Enlaces:	How can we construct a program that will understand stories that children would understand? By understand we mean the ability to answer questions about the story. We are interested here with understanding natural language in a very broad area. In…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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24.

The Connection Machine
Hillis, W. Daniel

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper describes the connection memory, a machine for concurrently manipulating knowledge stored in semantic networks. We need the connection memory because conventional serial computers cannot move through such networks fast enough. The connection memory sidesteps the problem by providing…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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25.

Flavors: Message Passing in the Lisp Machine
Weinreb, Daniel - Moon, David

Formato:
Enlaces:	The object oriented programming style used in the Smalltalk and Actor languages is available in Lisp Machine Lisp, and used by the Lisp Machine software system. It is used to perform generic operations on objects. Part of its implementation is…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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26.

Leveraging Learning and Language Via Communication Bootstrapping
Beal, Jacob

Formato:
Enlaces:	In a Communication Bootstrapping system, peer components with different perceptual worlds invent symbols and syntax based on correlations between their percepts. I propose that Communication Bootstrapping can also be used to acquire functional definitions of words and causal reasoning knowledge.…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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27.

Face Recognition from One Example View
Beymer, David - Poggio, Tomaso

Formato:
Enlaces:	If we are provided a face database with only one example view per person, is it possible to recognize new views of them under a variety of different poses, especially views rotated in depth from the original example view? We…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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28.

A Structural Approach to Analogy
Mansour, Hormoz

Formato:
Enlaces:	There are multiple sorts of reasoning by analogy between two domains; the one with which we are concerned is a type of contextual analogy. The purpose of this paper is to see whether two domains that look analogous would be…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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29.

Expert Systems: Where Are We? And Where Do We Go from Here?
Davis - Randall

Formato:
Enlaces:	Work on Expert Systems has received extensive attention recently, prompting growing interest in a range of environments. Much has been made of the basic concept and the rule-based system approach typically used to construct the programs. Perhaps this is a…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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30.

Natural Learning
Miller, Laurence

Formato:
Enlaces:	This memo reports the results of a case study into how children learn in the absence of explicit teaching. The three subjects, an eight year old, a ten year old and a thirteen year old were observed in both of…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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31.

The Genetic Epistemology of Rule Systems
Goldstein, Ira P.

Formato:
Enlaces:	I shall describe a model of the evolution of the rule-structured knowledge that serves as a cornerstone of our development of computer-based coaches. The key idea is a graph structure whose nodes represent rules, and whose links represent various evolutionary…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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32.

Understanding Hand-Printed Algebra for Computer Tutoring
Purcell, Stephen C.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This thesis demonstrates how the use of a global context can improve the power of a local character recognizer. The global context considered is a computer tutor of high school algebra that observes a student working algebra problems on a…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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33.

Teaching of Procedures-Progress Report
Sussman, Gerald Jay

Formato:
Enlaces:	The idea of building a programmer is very seductive in that it holds the promise of massive bootstrapping and thus ties in with many ideas about learning and teaching. I will avoid going into those issues here. It is necessary,…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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34.

Proposal to ARPA for Research on Artificial Intelligence at M.I.T., 1971-1972
Minsky, Marvin - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	The activities of the Artificial Intelligence laboratory can be viewed under three main aspects; (1) Artificial Intelligence- understanding the principles of making intelligent machines along the lines discusses in previous proposals, and elaborated below. (2) Natural Intelligence- As we understand…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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35.

Proposal to ARPA for Research on Artificial Intelligence at MIT, 1970-1971
Minsky, Marvin - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	The MIT Artificial Intelligence Project has a variety of goals all bound together by search for principles of intelligent behavior. Among our immediate goals are to develop systems with practical applications for: Visually-controlled automatic manipulation and physical world problem-solving, machine…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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36.

Conclusions from the Commodity Expert Project
Stansfield, James L.

Formato:
Enlaces:	The goal of the commodity expert project was to develop a prototype program that would act as an intelligent assistant to a commodity market analyst. Since expert analysis must deal with very large, yet incomplete, data bases of unreliable facts…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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37.

Automatic Design of a Maglev Controller in State Space
Zhao, Feng - Thorton, Richard

Formato:
Enlaces:	We describe the automatic synthesis of a global nonlinear controller for stabilizing a magnetic levitation system. The synthesized control system can stabilize the maglev vehicle with large initial displacements from an equilibrium, and possesses a much larger operating region than…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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38.

The Computer as Coach: An Athletic Paradigm for Intellectual Education
Goldstein, Ira

Formato:
Enlaces:	Over the next five years, computer games will find their way into a vast number of American homes, creating a unique educational opportunity: the development of "computer coaches" for the serious intellectual skills required by some of these games. From…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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39.

Learning Fine Motion by Markov Mixtures of Experts
Meila, Marina - Jordan, Michael I.

Formato:
Enlaces:	Compliant control is a standard method for performing fine manipulation tasks, like grasping and assembly, but it requires estimation of the state of contact between the robot arm and the objects involved. Here we present a method to learn a…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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40.

Surface Reflectance Estimation and Natural Illumination Statistics
Dror, Ron O. - Adelson, Edward H. - Willsky, Alan S.

Formato:
Enlaces:	Humans recognize optical reflectance properties of surfaces such as metal, plastic, or paper from a single image without knowledge of illumination. We develop a machine vision system to perform similar recognition tasks automatically. Reflectance estimation under unknown, arbitrary illumination proves…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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41.

Detecting Digital Forgeries Using Bispectral Analysis
Farid, Hany

Formato:
Enlaces:	With the rapid increase in low-cost and sophisticated digital technology the need for techniques to authenticate digital material will become more urgent. In this paper we address the problem of authenticating digital signals assuming no explicit prior knowledge of the…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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42.

Surviving the Information Explosion: How People Find Their Electronic Information
Alvarado, Christine - Teevan, Jaime - Ackerman, Mark S. - Karger, David

Formato:
Enlaces:	We report on a study of how people look for information within email, files, and the Web. When locating a document or searching for a specific answer, people relied on their contextual knowledge of their information target to help them…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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43.

The Essential Dynamics Algorithm: Essential Results
Martin, Martin C.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper presents a novel algorithm for learning in a class of stochastic Markov decision processes (MDPs) with continuous state and action spaces that trades speed for accuracy. A transform of the stochastic MDP into a deterministic one is presented…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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44.

Vision by Man and Machine
Poggio, Tomaso

Formato:
Enlaces:	The development of increasingly sophisticated and powerful computers in the last few decades has frequently stimulated comparisons between them and the human brain. Such comparisons will become more earnest as computers are applied more and more to tasks formerly associated…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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45.

Representing Knowledge of Large-Scale Space
Kuipers, Benjamin J.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This dissertation presents a model of the knowledge a person has about the spatial structure of a large-scale environment: the "cognitive map". The functions of the cognitive map are to assimilate new information about the environment, to represent the current…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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46.

Qualitative Knowledge, Casual Reasoning and the Localization of Failures
Brown, Allen

Formato:
Enlaces:	This report investigates some techinques appropriate to representing the knowledge necessary for understanding a class of electronic machines -- radio receivers. A computational performance model - WATSON - is presented. WATSONs task is to isolate failures in radio receivers whose…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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47.

Artificial Intelligence, Language and the Study of Knowledge
Goldstein, Ira - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper studies the relationship of Artificial Intelligence to the study of language and the representation of the underlying knowledge which supports the comprehension process. It develops the view that intelligence is based on the ability to use large amounts…
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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48.

Test Generation Guided Design for Testability
Wu, Peng

Formato:
Enlaces:	This thesis presents a new approach to building a design for testability (DFT) system. The system takes a digital circuit description, finds out the problems in testing it, and suggests circuit modifications to correct those problems. The key contributions of…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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49.

A system for the interactive classification of knowledge
Balzac, Stephen R

Formato:	Thesis
Enlaces:	by Stephen R. Balzac., Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1987., Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, June 1987: An interactive knowledge classifier., Bibliography: leaves 111-112.
Fecha:	2005-08-08
Recurso:	MIT

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50.

Hypothesis Formation and Evaluation in Medical Diagnosis
Rubin, Ann D.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This thesis describes some aspects of a computer system for doing medical diagnosis in the specialized field of kidney disease. Because such a system faces the spectre of combinatorial explosion, this discussion concentrates on heuristics which control the number of…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT