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Aproximadamente 197 registro(s) hasta el momento: (knowledge)

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D-SCRIPT: A Computational Theory of Descriptions
Moore, Robert C.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper descries D-SCRIPT, a language for representing knowledge in artificial intelligence programs. D-SCRIPT contains a powerful formalism for descriptions, which permits the representation of statements that are problematical for other systems. Particular attention is paid to problems of opaque…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Explicit Control of Reasoning
Kleer, Johan de - Doyle, Jon - Steele, Guy L., Jr. - Sussman, Gerald Jay

Formato:
Enlaces:	The construction of expert problem-solving systems requires the development of techniques for using modular representations of knowledge without encountering combinatorial explosions in the solution effort. This report describes an approach to dealing with this problem based on making some knowledge…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Spatial Knowledge
Kuipers, Benjamin

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper introduces a model of spatial cognition to describe the states of partial knowledge that people have about the spatial structure of a large-scale environment. Spatial knowledge has several different representations, each of which captures one aspect of the…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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A Hypothetical Monologue Illustrating the Knowledge Underlying Program Analysis
Shrobe, Howard E. - Waters, Richard C. - Sussman, Gerald J.

Formato:
Enlaces:	Automated Program Analysis is the process of discovering decompositions of a system into sub-units such that the behavior of the whole program can be inferred from the behavior of its parts. Analysis can be employed to increase the explanatory power…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Jokes and the Logic of the Cognitive Unconscious
Minsky, Marvin

Formato:
Enlaces:	Freud's theory of jokes explains how they overcome the mental "censors" that make it hard for us to think "forbidden" thoughts. But his theory did not work so well for humorous nonsense as for other comical subjects. In this essay…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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The Progressive Construction of Mind
Lawler, Robert W.

Formato:
Enlaces:	We propose a vision of the structure of knowledge and processes of learning based upon the particularity of experience. Highly specific cognitive structures are constructed through activities in limited domains of experience. For new domains, new cognitive structures develop from…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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On "Learnable" Representations of Knowledge: A Meaning for the Computational Metaphor
diSessa, Andrea A.

Formato:
Enlaces:	The computational metaphor which proposes the comparison of processes of mind to realizable or imaginable computer activities suggests a number of educational concerns. This paper discusses some of those concerns including procedural modes of knowledge representation and control knowledge ??owing…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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Frame-based Text Processing
Rosenberg, Steven T.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper presents an overview of a theory of discourse structure, and discusses a model for assimilating text into a frame-based data structure. The model has been applied to the analysis of news articles. The theory assumes sentences contain links…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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The Genetic Epistemology of Rule Systems
Goldstein, Ira P.

Formato:
Enlaces:	I shall describe a model of the evolution of the rule-structured knowledge that serves as a cornerstone of our development of computer-based coaches. The key idea is a graph structure whose nodes represent rules, and whose links represent various evolutionary…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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10.

Understanding Understanding Mathematics
Michener, Edwina Rissland

Formato:
Enlaces:	In this paper we look at some of the ingredients and processes involved in the understanding of mathematics. We analyze elements of mathematical knowledge, organize them in a coherent way and take note of certain classes of items that share…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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11.

NUDGE, A Knowledge-Based Scheduling Program
Goldstein, Ira P. - Roberts, R. Bruce

Formato:
Enlaces:	Traditional scheduling algorithms (using the techniques of PERT charts, decision analysis or operations research) require well-defined quantitative, complete sets of constraints. They are insufficient for scheduling situations where the problem description is ill-defined, involving incomplete, possibly inconsistent and generally qualitative…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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12.

A Frame for Frames: Representing Knowledge for Recognition
Kuipers, Benjamin J.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper presents a version of frames suitable for representing knowledge for a class of reconition problems. An initial section gives an intuitive model of frames, and illustrates a number of desirable features of such a representation. A more technical…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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13.

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Brady, Michael

Formato:
Enlaces:	Since Robotics is the field concerned with the connection of perception to action, Artificial Intelligence must have a central role in Robotics if the connection is to be intelligent. Artificial Intelligence addresses the crucial questions of: what knowledge is required…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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14.

Supporting Organizational Problem Solving with a Workstation
Barber, Gerald

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper describes an approach to supporting work in the office. Using and extending ideas from the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) we describe office work as a problem solving activity. A knowledge embedding language called Omega is used to…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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15.

Semantics of Inheritance and Attributions in the Description System Omega
Attardi, Giuseppe - Simi, Maria

Formato:
Enlaces:	Omega is a description system for knowledge embedding which incorporates some of the attractive modes of expression in common sense reasoning such as descriptions, inheritance, quantification, negation, attributions and multiple viewpoints. A formalization of Omega is developed as a framework…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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16.

Proposal to ARPA for Continued Research on A.I. for 1973
Minsky, Marvin - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory proposes to continue its work on a group of closely interconnected projects, all bearing on questions about how to make computers able to use more sophisticated kinds of knowledge to solve difficult problems. This proposal explains…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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17.

An AI Approach to English Morphemic Analysis
Winograd, Terry

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper illustrated an approach toward understanding natural language through the techniques of artificial intelligence. It explores the structure of English word-endings both morpho-graphemically and semantically. It illustrated the use of procedures and semantic representations in relating the broad range…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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18.

CREF: An Editing Facility for Managing Structured Text
Pitman, Kent M.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper reports work in progress on an experimental text editor called CREF, the Cross Referenced Editing Facility. CREF deals with chunks of text, called segments, which may have associated features such as keywords or various kinds of links to…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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19.

Learning and Reasoning by Analogy: The Details
Winston, Patrick H.

Formato:
Enlaces:	We use analogy when we say something is a Cinderella story and when we learn about resistors by thinking about water pipes. We also use analogy when we learn subjects like Economics, Medicine and Law. This paper presents a theory…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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20.

Proposal to ARPA for Continued Research on A.I.
Minsky, Marvin

Formato:
Enlaces:	The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory proposes to continue its work on a group of closely interconnected projects, all bearing on questions about how to make computers able to use more sophisticated kinds of knowledge to solve difficult problems. This proposal explains…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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21.

Infants in Children Stories - Toward a Model of Natural Language Comprehension
Meyer, Garry S.

Formato:
Enlaces:	How can we construct a program that will understand stories that children would understand? By understand we mean the ability to answer questions about the story. We are interested here with understanding natural language in a very broad area. In…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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22.

The Connection Machine
Hillis, W. Daniel

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper describes the connection memory, a machine for concurrently manipulating knowledge stored in semantic networks. We need the connection memory because conventional serial computers cannot move through such networks fast enough. The connection memory sidesteps the problem by providing…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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23.

Flavors: Message Passing in the Lisp Machine
Weinreb, Daniel - Moon, David

Formato:
Enlaces:	The object oriented programming style used in the Smalltalk and Actor languages is available in Lisp Machine Lisp, and used by the Lisp Machine software system. It is used to perform generic operations on objects. Part of its implementation is…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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24.

The FRL Primer
Roberts, R. Bruce - Goldstein, Ira P.

Formato:
Enlaces:	The Frame Representation Language (FRL) is an experimental language written to explore the use of frames as a knowledge representation technique. The term 'frame' as used in FRL was inspired by Minsky's [75] development of frame theory. FRL extends the…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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25.

A Structural Approach to Analogy
Mansour, Hormoz

Formato:
Enlaces:	There are multiple sorts of reasoning by analogy between two domains; the one with which we are concerned is a type of contextual analogy. The purpose of this paper is to see whether two domains that look analogous would be…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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26.

Expert Systems: Where Are We? And Where Do We Go from Here?
Davis - Randall

Formato:
Enlaces:	Work on Expert Systems has received extensive attention recently, prompting growing interest in a range of environments. Much has been made of the basic concept and the rule-based system approach typically used to construct the programs. Perhaps this is a…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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27.

Natural Learning
Miller, Laurence

Formato:
Enlaces:	This memo reports the results of a case study into how children learn in the absence of explicit teaching. The three subjects, an eight year old, a ten year old and a thirteen year old were observed in both of…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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28.

Understanding Hand-Printed Algebra for Computer Tutoring
Purcell, Stephen C.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This thesis demonstrates how the use of a global context can improve the power of a local character recognizer. The global context considered is a computer tutor of high school algebra that observes a student working algebra problems on a…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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29.

Teaching of Procedures-Progress Report
Sussman, Gerald Jay

Formato:
Enlaces:	The idea of building a programmer is very seductive in that it holds the promise of massive bootstrapping and thus ties in with many ideas about learning and teaching. I will avoid going into those issues here. It is necessary,…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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30.

Proposal to ARPA for Research on Artificial Intelligence at M.I.T., 1971-1972
Minsky, Marvin - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	The activities of the Artificial Intelligence laboratory can be viewed under three main aspects; (1) Artificial Intelligence- understanding the principles of making intelligent machines along the lines discusses in previous proposals, and elaborated below. (2) Natural Intelligence- As we understand…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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31.

Proposal to ARPA for Research on Artificial Intelligence at MIT, 1970-1971
Minsky, Marvin - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	The MIT Artificial Intelligence Project has a variety of goals all bound together by search for principles of intelligent behavior. Among our immediate goals are to develop systems with practical applications for: Visually-controlled automatic manipulation and physical world problem-solving, machine…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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32.

Conclusions from the Commodity Expert Project
Stansfield, James L.

Formato:
Enlaces:	The goal of the commodity expert project was to develop a prototype program that would act as an intelligent assistant to a commodity market analyst. Since expert analysis must deal with very large, yet incomplete, data bases of unreliable facts…
Fecha:	2004-10-01
Recurso:	MIT

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33.

Computer System for Visual Recognition Using Active Knowledge
Freuder, Eugene C.

Formato:
Enlaces:	A system for visual recognition is described, with implications for the general problem of representation of knowledge to assist control. The immediate objective is a computer system that will recognize objects in a visual scene, specifically hammers. The computer receives…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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34.

Knowledge Base Integration: What Can We Learn from Database Integration Research?
Lee, Jintae

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper examines the issues and the solutions that have been studied in database (DB) integration research and tries to draw lessons from them for knowledge base (KB) integration.
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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35.

Consensus Knowledge Acquisition
Trice, Andrew - Davis, Randall

Formato:
Enlaces:	We have developed a method and prototype program for assisting two experts in their attempts to construct a single, consensus knowledge base. We show that consensus building can be effectively facilitated by a debugging approach that identifies, explains, and resolves…
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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36.

The Structure of Mathematical Knowledge
Michener, Edwina Rissland

Formato:
Enlaces:	This report develops a conceptual framework in which to talk about mathematical knowledge. There are several broad categories of mathematical knowledge: results which contain the traditional logical aspects of mathematics; examples which contain illustrative material; and concepts which include formal…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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37.

The Role of Knowledge in Visual Shape Representation
Saund, Eric

Formato:
Enlaces:	This report shows how knowledge about the visual world can be built into a shape representation in the form of a descriptive vocabulary making explicit the important geometrical relationships comprising objects' shapes. Two computational tools are offered: (1) Shapestokens are…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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38.

Qualitative Knowledge, Casual Reasoning and the Localization of Failures
Brown, Allen

Formato:
Enlaces:	This report investigates some techinques appropriate to representing the knowledge necessary for understanding a class of electronic machines -- radio receivers. A computational performance model - WATSON - is presented. WATSONs task is to isolate failures in radio receivers whose…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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39.

A Computational Model for the Acquisition and Use of Phonological Knowledge
Yip, Kenneth - Sussman, Gerald Jay

Formato:
Enlaces:	Does knowledge of language consist of symbolic rules? How do children learn and use their linguistic knowledge? To elucidate these questions, we present a computational model that acquires phonological knowledge from a corpus of common English nouns and verbs. In…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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40.

Qualitative and Quantitative Knowledge in Classical Mechanics
Kleer, Johan De

Formato:
Enlaces:	This thesis investigates what knowledge is necessary to solve mechanics problems. A program NEWTON is described which understands and solves problems in mechanics mini-world of objects moving on surfaces. Facts and equations such as those given in mechanics text need…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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41.

Meta-Rules: Reasoning About Control
Davis - Randall

Formato:
Enlaces:	How can we insure that knowledge embedded in a program is applied effectively? Traditionally the answer to this question has been sought in different problem solving paradigms and in different approaches to encoding and indexing knowledge. Each of these is…
Fecha:	2004-10-08
Recurso:	MIT

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42.

Improving Data Quality Through Effective Use of Data Semantics
Madnick, Stuart E.

Formato:	Article
Enlaces:	Data quality issues have taken on increasing importance in recent years. In our research, we have discovered that many “data quality” problems are actually “data misinterpretation” problems – that is, problems with data semantics. In this paper, we first illustrate…
Fecha:	2003-12-13
Recurso:	MIT

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43.

Using English For Indexing and Retrieving
Katz, Boris

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper describes a natural language system START. The system analyzes English text and automatically transforms it into an appropriate representation, the knowledge base, which incorporates the information found in the text. The user gains access to information stored in…
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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44.

Reasoning from Incomplete Knowledge in a Procedural Deduction System
Moore, Robert Carter

Formato:
Enlaces:	One very useful idea in AI research has been the notion of an explicit model of a problem situation. Procedural deduction languages, such as PLANNER, have been valuable tools for building these models. But PLANNER and its relatives are very…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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45.

Roles of Knowledge in Motor Learning
Atkeson, Christopher Granger

Formato:
Enlaces:	The goal of this thesis is to apply the computational approach to motor learning, i.e., describe the constraints that enable performance improvement with experience and also the constraints that must be satisfied by a motor learning system, describe what is…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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46.

Representing Knowledge of Large-Scale Space
Kuipers, Benjamin J.

Formato:
Enlaces:	This dissertation presents a model of the knowledge a person has about the spatial structure of a large-scale environment: the "cognitive map". The functions of the cognitive map are to assimilate new information about the environment, to represent the current…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT

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47.

Introduction to the Calculus of Knowledge
Raphael, Bertram

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper deals with the "Calculus of Knowledge", an extension of the propositional calculus in which one may reason about what other people know. Semantic and Syntactic systems are developed, certain theorems are proven, and a formal solution in the…
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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48.

Artificial Intelligence, Language and the Study of Knowledge
Goldstein, Ira - Papert, Seymour

Formato:
Enlaces:	This paper studies the relationship of Artificial Intelligence to the study of language and the representation of the underlying knowledge which supports the comprehension process. It develops the view that intelligence is based on the ability to use large amounts…
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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49.

Capturing Intuitive Knowledge in Procedural Description
Bamberger, Jeanne

Formato:
Enlaces:	Trying to capture intuitive knowledge is a little like trying to capture the moment between what just happened and what is about to happen. Or to quote a famous philosopher, "You can't put your foot in the same river once."…
Fecha:	2004-10-04
Recurso:	MIT

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50.

Test Generation Guided Design for Testability
Wu, Peng

Formato:
Enlaces:	This thesis presents a new approach to building a design for testability (DFT) system. The system takes a digital circuit description, finds out the problems in testing it, and suggests circuit modifications to correct those problems. The key contributions of…
Fecha:	2004-10-20
Recurso:	MIT