Urbanisation is a phenomenon that has continued undisturbed since the rise of the industrial era. As the populations of cities increase so do the needs and demands associated with urban expansion. These include the provision of adequate infrastructure to support…

Collapse of transmission towers can occur due to accidental loads such as conductor breakages, failures of insulators or other components, either under every day conditions (components with marginal strengths) or under extreme conditions such as ice storms, thunderstorms, tornadoes, fires,…