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Adaptive finite element methods (FEM) have been widely used in applications for over 20 years now. In practice, they converge starting from coarse grids, although no mathematical theory has been able to prove this assertion. Ensuring an error reduction rate…

A new computable a posteriori error estimator is introduced, which relies on the solution of small discrete problems on stars. It exhibits built-in flux equilibration and is equivalent to the energy error up to data oscillation without any saturation assumption.…

Data oscillation is intrinsic information missed by the averaging process associated with finite element methods (FEM) regardless of quadrature. Ensuring a reduction rate of data oscillation, together with an error reduction based on a posteriori error estimators, we construct a…

This paper suggests that a new form of racialization is being produced in the information age through developments and innovations in communication technologies. Increasingly, racial knowledge is being constructed from seemingly neutral and unrelated pieces of information, which are collected,…

This article considers factors that limit or exclude civil society involvement in the regulatory process for nanotechnologies by critically examining an attempt to mount a public-interest legal challenge against the UK Health and Safety Executive for failing to properly enforce…

China’s rapid economic transformation over the last 3 decades has been remarkable both in terms of its speed and scale. As the Economist magazine reported recently, ‘In China each person now produces four times as much as in the early…

In a pervasive media and technology landscape that is increasingly global, participatory and connected, one in which learners and teachers can increasingly become creators of knowledge rather than mere consumers of prepared messages and ideas, it is vital for the…

To have a sustainable competitive advantage, an organization should realize how to create, distribute and utilize knowledge through an organization and how attach it to organizational process. Another important thing is a manager should know what kind of knowledge they…

The knowledge that consumers have of products and services as well as other factors serves as an indicator as to which product or store to “pick”. The products and store location add to the ease with which consumers are able…