Knowledge acquisition for systems based on knowledge can be called knowledge engineering, according to Feigenbaum (1980) who used the term to describe the reduction of a wide context of knowledge for a set of facts and rules. The term Knowledge…

Studies on the impact of Eucalyptus spp. on Brazilian soils have focused on soil chemical properties and isolating interesting microbial organisms. Few studies have focused on microbial diversity and ecology in Brazil due to limited coverage of traditional cultivation and…

Most neural network learning algorithms cannot use knowledge other than what is provided in the training data. Initialized using random weights, they cannot use prior knowledge such as knowledge stored in previously trained networks. This manuscript thesis addresses this problem.…

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakoprsora pachyrhizi is one of the most important diseases for soybean cultivation. The disease causes yield loss as high as 80%. Until now, fungicide applications were most reliable control measure. However, farmers often lose timing…

In the restricted single-machine common due date problem the goal is to find a schedule for the n jobs which jointly minimizes the sum of earliness and tardiness penalties, while for the weighted tardiness problem the goal is to find…

Argumentative formalisms have been widely recognized as knowledge representation and reasoning tools able to deal with incomplete and potentially contradictory informa- tion. All such formalisms are computationally demanding. Hence, optimizing argumen- tative systems has been approached from di erent views.

ABSTRACT: Despite of all modem communications tools, difficulties of dialogue still exist between technicians and local community members when dealing with natural resources. This is related to many factors, from the predominantly technical formation of the teachers and researches to…

In the last few years, several studies have emphasized the use of ontologies as an alternative to organization of the information.
The notion of ontology has become popular in fields such as intelligent information integration, information retrieval on the Internet,…

Cultural resources like traditional medicinal knowledge need to be recognized in their role tied to important regional practices in Zimbabwe. This is especially as a nexus of legal definitions for biological, intellectual and cultural resources will inform a National Sui…

This study explored the relationship between vocabulary size (i.e., breadth of knowledge), depth of vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension of Chinese-speaking ESL (English as a second language) university students in Canada. Both aspects of vocabulary knowledge, breadth and depth, continue…