Descripción: |
Estudio descriptivo que muestra capacidad de
autocuidado (AC) del adulto mayor (A.M.) y factores
sociodemográficos y de salud que inciden en ella.
Se aplicó un cuestionario con Escala Barthel,
Escala Pfeiffer y Escala Visual Análoga del Dolor a
196 AM hospitalizados.
Los resultados indican que 80.1% son independientes
en su A.C.; 15.8% son medianamente
independientes y 4.1% son dependientes.
La mayoría de A.M. tiene entre 60 y 70 años,
viven en sector urbano, tienen escolaridad básica o
analfabetos y con pareja.
El 61.2% procede del sector urbano y, de
éstos, el 76% son independientes.
La escolaridad es directamente proporcional
con la capacidad de A.C.; e indirecta con número
de hospitalizaciones.
Sobre el 6.1 y el 7.1% necesitan ayuda total
o parcial para eliminación intestinal o vesical, respectivamente;
y, para alimentarse el 11.3%. Casi el
20% tiene algún grado de dependencia para su
aseo matinal.
En relación a conocimientos en salud: 85%
sabe poco de su enfermedad, el 50% conoce acción
y horarios de medicamentos, sobre el 50% desconoce
el valor de su presión arterial. Los resultados señalan que: Hay relación
estadística significativa entre estado de salud mental,
dificultad para tragar, explicación sobre ingesta
de medicamentos y capacidades de AC del AM. This study describer the capacities and the
sociodemographic and health factors that influence
those capacities of people over 60 years of age.
The Barthel Scale (1965), the Pfeiffer
Questionnaire (1975) and the Analogous Visual
Scale for Pain were applied to 196 hospital
patients.
Results show that the 80.1% of the sample
group are independent in their self-care ability,
15.8% were fairly independent and only 4.1%
were dependent.
Most of the subjects are between 60 and 70
years old they live in urban areas have attended
elementary school. They are illiterate, and have a
couple.
76% of the 61.2%, coming from the urban
area, are independent.
The literacy leved showed direct relation to
self-care capacity and an indirected relation with
the number of times they get into the hospital.
Over 6.1% and 7.1% need total or partial assistance for intestinal or vesical elimination, respectively
and 11.3%, for feeding themselves. Almost 20% of
all of them have a certain degree of dependence for
their morning care.
In relation to their knowledgements on
health: most of them 85% know little or nothing
about their illness, half of them know the effects or
medicines and the schedule for their administration,
more than half of them have no idea of their
blood preasure.
In general, results showed but mental health,
swallowing difficulties and the knowledge about
the medicines they take, show a significant statistical
relation to their self-care capacity. |