| Título: |
El efecto del capital humano sobre la innovación: Un análisis desde las perspectivas cuantitativa y cualitativa de la educación The effect of quantity and quality of education on innovation The effect of human capital on innovation: An analysis from the quantitative and qualitative perspectives of education |
| Autores: |
Fernández-Rodríguez Labordeta, Jorge; Universidad de Zaragoza Giménez, Gregorio; Universidad de Zaragoza |
| Fecha: | 2012-06-05 |
| Publicador: | Intangible capital |
| Fuente: |
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| Tipo: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| Tema: |
human capital, knowledge tests, innovation, patents I25, O39, J24 capital humano, pruebas de conocimiento, innovación, patentes I25; O39; J24 Human capital, knowledge tests, innovation, patents I25, O39, J24 |
| Descripción: |
Objeto: El presente trabajo trata de determinar, empíricamente y para una muestra amplia de países, qué tipo de variables educativas pueden explicar mejor los procesos de innovación tecnológica, aproximados a través del número de patentes per cápita. Para ello, utilizamos un modelo que explica la capacidad innovadora de los países utilizando seis variables educativas: dos variables de cantidad –años medios de estudio, totales y universitarios- y cuatro de calidad –basadas en los resultados obtenidos en distintas pruebas internacionales de conocimiento-.Diseño/metodología/enfoque: El análisis se lleva a cabo para una muestra de más de 60 países, haciendo uso de técnicas de corte transversal para la década 2000-2010.Aportaciones y resultados: A partir de los resultados econométricos, se concluye que la innovación tecnológica, aproximada por el número de patentes per cápita, es explicada en mayor medida por la calidad educativa que por la cantidad de educación. La actividad innovadora está fuertemente vinculada al éxito en términos de competencias educativas, al tipo de competencias que se adquieren y a la excelencia educativa. A su vez, se evidencia la importancia que tiene la interacción entre la calidad y la cantidad educativa. Al introducir los efectos cruzados es cuando el modelo propuesto obtiene un mayor poder explicativo.Originalidad / Valor añadido: Frente a la perspectiva tradicional en la literatura sobre capital humano, que hace uso de indicadores basados en la cantidad de educación (habitualmente años medios de estudio), el trabajo incorpora indicadores basados en los conocimientos adquiridos. Además, plantea la interacción de variables cuantitativas y cualitativas. En conclusión, la utilización de una doble perspectiva a la hora de medir el capital humano y estudiar su interrelación con el desarrollo de innovación constituye una novedad tanto teórica como metodológica. Purpose: This research attempts to determine, empirically and for a large sample of countries, which kind of educational variables can better explain technological innovation processes, approximated by the number of patents per capita. To do this, we use a model that explains the innovative capacity of the countries employing six educational variables: two quantitative variables –average (total and university) years of schooling- and four qualitative variables -based on outcomes of different international tests of knowledge-.Design/methodology: The analysis is carried out for a sample that includes more than 60 countries, using cross-section techniques for the decade 2000-2010.Findings: From the econometric results we conclude that technological innovation, proxied by the number of patents per capita, is explained better by the quality of education than by the quantity of education. Innovative activity is strongly linked to success in terms of educational skills, the type of skills acquired and educational excellency. Furthermore, the interaction between educational quality and quantity is a key factor. When we introduce the cross effects of both variables, the proposed model yields to a greater explanatory power.Originality/value: The traditional perspective on human capital literature uses indicators based on the quantity of education, usually average years of schooling. This study incorporates indicators based on skills, measured by the results of international tests of knowledge. The introduction of the dual perspective, quantitative and qualitative, to measure human capital and to determine what kind of indicators explains better innovation, is an outstanding novelty. Purpose: This research attempts to determine, empirically and for a large sample of countries, which kind of educational variables can better explain technological innovation processes, approximated by the number of patents per capita. To do this, we use a model that explains the innovative capacity of the countries employing six educational variables: two quantitative variables –average (total and university) years of schooling- and four qualitative variables -based on outcomes of different international tests of knowledge-.Design/methodology: The analysis is carried out for a sample that includes more than 60 countries, using cross-section techniques for the decade 2000-2010.Findings: From the econometric results we conclude that technological innovation, proxied by the number of patents per capita, is explained better by the quality of education than by the quantity of education. Innovative activity is strongly linked to success in terms of educational skills, the type of skills acquired and educational excellency. Furthermore, the interaction between educational quality and quantity is a key factor. When we introduce the cross effects of both variables, the proposed model yields to a greater explanatory power.Originality/value: The traditional perspective on human capital literature uses indicators based on the quantity of education, usually average years of schooling. This study incorporates indicators based on skills, measured by the results of international tests of knowledge. The introduction of the dual perspective, quantitative and qualitative, to measure human capital and to determine what kind of indicators explains better innovation, is an outstanding novelty. |
| Idioma: | Inglés |