The chorus of women in Lysistrata exploit both myth and rhetoric in their cause when they invoke Timon, whom other sources show to be not a misanthrope but an outsider and rule-breaker.

Comparison of how Paul and Justin Martyr invoke miracle-working in their appeals to authority suggests their divergent goals, reflecting a shift in emphasis from support of personal authority to support of the larger Christian apologetic mission.

Philostratus’ account of Apollonius’ journey to India can be shown, especially from its geographical details, to contain a mixture of historical fact and literary fiction, with the fictional elements increasing when Apollonius passes beyond Roman territory.

At the Sixth Ecumenical Council (A.D. 680), conflicting assessments of texts were argued, and these debates, documented in the acts of the council, illuminate theories of authenticity and authorship in late antique Christianity.

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