Electronic Government applications aim to deliver efficient, seamless, customer-focused services to the public using various distribution channels. One of challenges in building such applications is the requirement to rely upon preexisting, often heterogeneous government applications. In order to enable communication…

Data base management evolved during the sixties and seventies. The evolution period was protracted. Many driving forces impacted the evolution and it is the aim of this paper to analyze these driving forces (some technical and some political) and to…