A novel method for the characterization of the processing of both absorption and phase holograms is proposed. Differently from the previous models, the square root of the diffraction efficiency of the processed hologram was directly related to the amplitude of…

Despite its frequent use, there is little understanding of the concept of differential
among upper high school and undergraduate students of physics. As a first step to identify the origin of this situation and to revert it, we have done…

The kinetics of photosensitive polymer holographic recording materials are examined assuming a material that exhibits nonideal kinetic behavior. Previously, a linear relationship between monomer concentration and polymerization was assumed when deriving the nonlocal polymer-driven diffusion (NPDD) model. This is consistent…

The analytical approximate technique developed by Wu et al. for conservative oscillators with odd nonlinearity is used to construct approximate frequency-amplitude relations and periodic solutions to the relativistic oscillator. By combining Newton's method with the method of harmonic balance, analytical…

The harmonic balance method is used to construct approximate frequency–amplitude relations and periodic solutions to the relativistic oscillator. By combining linearization of the governing equation with the harmonic balance method, we construct analytical approximations to the oscillation frequencies and periodic…

A more accurate analytical approximate expression for the slope at any point of the elastic curve of a slender cantilever column is obtained by using a heuristic but pedagogical derivation. This derivation is based on the linearization of the nonlinear…

The second-order harmonic balance method is used to construct three approximate frequency-amplitude relations for a conservative nonlinear singular oscillator in which the restoring force is inversely proportional to the dependent variable. Two procedures are used to solve the nonlinear differential…

The asymptotic behaviours for small and large amplitudes, A, of the period for a nonlinear oscillator, where the square of the angular frequency depends quadratically on the velocity, are obtained. These asymptotic expressions are compared with the exact period, T(A),…

Based on the results of the coupled-wave theory the diffraction efficiency is calculated for thick phase transmission holographic gratings taking into account the chemical processing of the recording material. Three effects of processing are considered: variations in the average refractive…

Silver halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) is one of the most promising techniques for the fabrication of transmission holographic optical elements, achieving relatively high sensitivity of photographic material with the low scattering and high light stability of dichromated gelatin. In this…