This paper aims to clarify an economic mechanism behind the growing dichotomy between geo-economics and the borderless global knowledge economy. The proposed hypothesis is that geo-economic fault-lines, which are the product of the past prejudices of racial, linguistic, and cultural…

In this paper, we present a novel model of an artificial immune system (AIS), based on the process that suffers the T-Cell. The proposed model is used for solving constrained (numerical) optimization problems. The model operates on three populations: Virgins,…

We report and describe larval digenean infections in Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria straminea snails from Salto Grande Dam area, on the Argentinean and Uruguayan coasts of the Uruguay river. Both species of snail have been reported in Brazil, near the…