Obtaining holographic volume gratings with high diffraction efficiencies that can be used under white light has been a serious problem for the polyvinyl alcohol-acrylamide-based photopolymers developed by other researchers. In this paper we propose to eliminate the residual monomer in…

Kogelnik's coupled-wave (CW) theory has been used for decades to predict the diffraction efficiency of volume diffraction gratings. Although this theory has been applied with success to volume diffraction gratings recorded under a great variety of experimental conditions, its predictions…

A model is proposed which allows us to obtain the diffraction efficiency of photopolymeric materials with a nonlinear response to the refraction index, using the equations on the evolution of copolymerization reactions as a base. The photochemical material being analysed…

Fixation-free rehalogenating bleaching is an interesting for the production of phase holograms. The shrinkage of the emulsion is reduced in comparison with other bleaching methods (reversal bleaching or rehalogenating bleaching with fixation). In this paper we present experimental results for…

A new aqueous photopolymer containing the monomers acrylamide, N,N'-methylenbisacrylamide and zinc acrylate, the initiators 4,5-diiodosuccinylfluorescein (2ISF) and methylene blue (MB), and the coinitiator sodium p-toluenesulphinate is described. This formulation exhibits a clear enhancement of the high-energy sensitivity upon irradiation with…

Bleached holograms are one of the most interesting techniques used to produce phase holograms of high quality on photographic emulsions. Of particular interest is the method of fixation-free rehalogenating bleaching. Using Kogelnik's coupled-wave theory we shall obtain information about the…

Realistic mathematical models are of great importance for studying the optical performance of the human eye. Light propagation algorithms provide robust methods to calculate field distributions inside a homogeneous medium, and thus they can be applied to the study of…

In order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of hologram formation and higher diffraction efficiencies in volume gratings stored in acrylamide based photopolymers, a crosslinker (N,N'methylene-bis-acrylamide) has been incorporated in the photopolymer to record holograms by pulsed laser…

The kinetics of photosensitive polymer holographic recording materials are examined assuming a material that exhibits nonideal kinetic behavior. Previously, a linear relationship between monomer concentration and polymerization was assumed when deriving the nonlocal polymer-driven diffusion (NPDD) model. This is consistent…