Based on the results of the coupled-wave theory the diffraction efficiency is calculated for thick phase transmission holographic gratings taking into account the chemical processing of the recording material. Three effects of processing are considered: variations in the average refractive…

We present three ways of treating the problem of fluid flow in a hollow cylinder. One method involves a differential equation, and the other two involve more physical insight. We discuss the relative advantages of each method., The following article…

The experimental results of diffraction efficiency as a function of the geometrical disposition of recording beams in bleached silver halide transmission thick-holographic gratings are presented. Two variables have been used to relate these results with certain geometric parameters. These variables…

Accurate recording of computer-generated holograms (CGH) on a phase material is not a trivial task. The range of available phase materials is large, and their suitability depends on the fabrication technique chosen to produce the hologram. We are particularly interested…

In this paper we analyze a simple experiment to study the effects of polarized light. A simple optical system composed of a polarizer, a retarder (cellotape) and an analyzer is used to study the effect on the polarization state of…

A cubication procedure of the nonlinear differential equation for conservative nonlinear oscillators is analyzed and discussed. This scheme is based on the Chebyshev series expansion of the restoring force and this allows us to approximate the original nonlinear differential equation…

In their comment, Qing-Yin and Pei derived another analytical approximate expression for the large-angle pendulum period, which they compare with other expressions previously published. Most of these approximate formulas are based on the approximation of the original nonlinear differential equation…

An analytical approximate technique for conservative nonlinear oscillators is proposed. This method is a modification of the generalized harmonic balance method in which analytical approximate solutions have rational form. This approach gives us not only a truly periodic solution but…

The analytical approximate technique developed by Wu et al. for conservative oscillators with odd nonlinearity is used to construct approximate frequency-amplitude relations and periodic solutions to the relativistic oscillator. By combining Newton's method with the method of harmonic balance, analytical…

A linearization method of the nonlinear differential equation for conservative nonlinear oscillators is analyzed and discussed. This scheme is based on the Chebyshev series expansion of the restoring force which allows us to obtain a frequency-amplitude relation which is valid…