This article aims to present the current knowledge on physiological requirements in Olympic distance and Ironman triathlon. Showing the data available from a “traditional point of view” (aerobic power, anaerobic threshold, heart rate, running economy) and from a “contemporary” point…

There are different Indices of Training Stress of varying complexity, to quantification Training load. Examples include the training impulse (TRIMP), the session (RPE), Lucia’s TRIMP or Summated Zone Score. But the triathlon, a sport to be combined where there are…

The rise in worldwide popularity of long distance triathlon racing comes with it an increased interest into how to train and prepare optimally for such an event. This paper examines the physiologic and bioenergetic demands of long distance triathlon racing,…

For long time anti-doping authorities have tried to find a way to tackle the use of forbidden substances and methods (namely erythropoiesis stimulating agents and blood transfusion) which improve sport performance through an increase of red cells and therefore oxygen…

Swimming performance in triathlon gradually gets of overriding importance in view of the final positioning in a race. It is important to end up swimming in the leading group(s) and to consider the impact of the swim stage on the…