Research on German exiles usually focuses on activities of refugees from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. Where it looks at international anti-fascist cooperation,
it mostly concentrates on politically motivated initiatives (for example the writers’ congresses in 1934 and 1935, in Moscow…

Applying for ethical review in the United Kingdom can be time consuming and burdensome for researchers. The process can often be made easier by implementing relatively minor changes in the early stages of drawing up the application. In this article…