Many systems have been developed for constructing decision trees from collections of examples. Although the decision trees generated by these methods are accurate and efficient, they often suffer the disadvantage of excessive complexity that can render them incomprehensible to experts.…

We present a new algorithm to process captured images of reflected Placido rings. Up to our knowledge, conventional topographers transform from Cartesian to polar coordinates and vice-versa, thus extrapolating corneal data and introducing noise and image artefacts. Moreover, captured data…

Michel Foucault, Thomas Mann, and more recently, Sven-Olov Wallenstein have argued that the modern European hospital of the early twentieth century acted as a research laboratory for a new way of governing human populations. This dissertation studies a subsequent phase…

(cont.) to the verifier., We consider an implementation of a weakened notion of zero-knowledge (weak ZK) where the simulator is also allowed to depend on the distinguisher as well, so this type of ZK entails exhibiting an efficient simulator for…

The studies of anatomy and physiology are fundamental ingredients of medical education. This paper identifies six ways in which such functional knowledge serves as the underpinnings for general medical reasoning, and outlines the design of a computational model of common…

There are many situations in which a very detailed low-level description encodes, through a hierarchical organization, a recognizable higher-order pattern. The macro-molecular structural conformations of proteins exhibit higher order regularities whose recognition is complicated by many factors. ARIADNE searches for…

This is a partial theory of thinking, combining a number of classical and modern concepts from psychology, linguistics, and AI. Whenever one encounters a new situation (or makes a substantial change in one's viewpoint) he selects from memory a structure…

Intelligent agents in the physical world must work from incomplete information due to partial knowledge and limited resources. An agent copes with these limitations by applying rules of conjecture to make reasonable assumptions about what is known. Circumscription, proposed by…

Consider a world of 'objects.' Our goal is to place these objects into categories that are useful to the observer using sensory data. One criterion for utility is that the categories allow the observer to infer the object's potential behaviors,…

To determine why something has stopped working, it's helpful to know how it was supposed to work in the first place. This simple fact underlies recent work on a number of systems that do diagnosis from knowledge about the internal…