In this work, we have applied the fractional Fourier transform to obtain the Fresnel diffraction patterns in a theoretical eye. The FRT approach to Fresnel diffraction is easily implemented in a Gullstrand-Emsley theoretical eye, and it allows us to obtain…

Photographic emulsions are still widely used to record holographic optical elements. In particular, if high diffraction efficiencies are needed, phase volume holograms are preferably recorded on these emulsions. Two particular techniques producing high-quality volume phase holograms are fixation-free rehalogenating bleaching…

Three numerical methods for calculating the point spread function for holographic optical elements in the presence of aberrations are analyzed. The starting point for the analytical formulation of the diffraction theory of aberrations for holographic optical elements is the Fresnel-Kirchhoff…

Bleaching is one of the most widely used techniques in the production of phase holograms of high quality on photographic emulsion, particularly in rehalogenating techniques without a fixation step. These techniques were very well understood when Agfa 8E75 HD emulsion…

We report for the first time the results of a comparative performance study of silver-halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) holograms recorded in the familiar Agfa 8E75 HD plates and the new BB-640 plates manufactured by Holographic Recording Technologies. High diffraction efficiency…

This paper deals with diffuse-object holograms recorded in silver halide sensitized gelatin. Both the diffraction efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio when reconstruction is done with different wavelengths are measured. The experimental results we obtained show that new theoretical models for…

A model is proposed which allows us to obtain the diffraction efficiency of photopolymeric materials with a nonlinear response to the refraction index, using the equations on the evolution of copolymerization reactions as a base. The photochemical material being analysed…

The use of bleaching techniques is perhaps one of the most popular methods of creating phase holograms from holographic emulsions. In this paper we will study the influence of the different experimental conditions on the refractive index modulation created inside…

We present an available and low cost technique for the production of binary-phase diffractive optical elements designed by digital methods. We produce binary-amplitude holograms making use of a high-resolution graphic device. They are used as binary masks which are copied…

A novel method for the characterization of the processing of both absorption and phase holograms is proposed. Differently from the previous models, the square root of the diffraction efficiency of the processed hologram was directly related to the amplitude of…