This article overviews the concepts of distributed intelligence, outlining the motivations for studying this field of research. First, common systems of distributed intelligence are classified based upon the types of interactions exhibited, since the type of interaction has relevance to…

Building on the strength of the first edition, Quantitative Methods for Business and Economics provides a simple introduction to the mathematical and statistical techniques needed in business. This book is accessible and easy to use, with the emphasis clearly on…

The preferred temperature (PT) of Poecilia sphenops (Pisces, Poeciliidae) (n = 240, 1.13 +/- 0.06 g wet weight, 3.26 +/- 0.88 cm standard length) from Presa Piedra Azul, Oaxaca, Mexico, was measured at acclimation temperature of 20 degreesC, 23 degreesC,…

Commercial product irradiation using ionizing radiation has provided a method to safely treat products in a variety of ways. Temperature is a very important factor when determining the absorbed dose of the product. However, most irradiation complexes apply dosimetric knowledge…

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This paper introduces a model of spatial cognition to describe the states of partial knowledge that people have about the spatial structure of a large-scale environment. Spatial knowledge has several different representations, each of which captures one aspect of the…

In big companies, managerial activities and organizational boundaries will over time hide most unevenly developed skill and knowledge distribution patterns; studying the organizations with the means of modern applied physics is thus quite difficult. People are forced to communicate along…

This report describes a computer system that creates simple computer animation in response to high-level, vague, and incomplete descriptions of films. It makes its films by collecting and evaluating suggestions from several different bodies of knowledge. The order in which…

Problematic aspects of intercultural communication are considered in the context of: an increasingly internationalized market for higher education; the globalization of knowledge; the compatibility of distinct national higher education cultures; and the capacity for successful cross-cultural cooperation. This is exemplified…

Ensuring environmental sustainability is the aim of the seventh Millennium Development Goal (MDG7). United Nations data shows insufficient progress, especially in developing countries. In order to generate new information about this progress and the main barriers that hinder it, we…