This paper develops a conceptual framework and offers new statistical evidence on the access to credit by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Guatemala and Nicaragua. To this end, and after reviewing the existing literature on the topic, it…

This essay analyses Nancy Cunard's contribution to the struggle for racial justice in England and her work with the black communities in Liverpool and London (whose histories and experiences differ radically from their counterparts in the United States) in the…

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This research paper describes the use of computer mediated conferencing (CMC) to support the teaching of biology to undergraduates. The use of this pedagogical innovation was a first-time experience for both the instructor and his students. The objectives of this…

This thesis examines the evolution of Internet based knowledge networks (e-knowledge networks) in the domain of sustainable development. The objective of this thesis is to use an engineering systems approach to understand knowledge networks, identify the barriers to their sustainability…

A system for visual recognition is described, with implications for the general problem of representation of knowledge to assist control. The immediate objective is a computer system that will recognize objects in a visual scene, specifically hammers. The computer receives…

This article reviews the most significant milestones
in CAD methodologies for intelligent EM-based modeling and
design optimization using artificial neural networks and space
mapping. We consider knowledge-based and automatic neural
network model generation based on advanced data sampling
algorithms. Computationally…

A fuzzy cognitive map is a graphical means of representing arbitrary complex models of interrelations between concepts. The purpose of this paper is to describe a dynamic/adaptive fuzzy cognitive map based on the random neural network model. Previously, we have…

As a basic mode of communication, writing has been used to preserve and transmit knowledge vertically from generation to generation, and horizontally from one community to the other. The early civilizations have used various techniques of written and oral communication…

This thesis investigates what knowledge is necessary to solve mechanics problems. A program NEWTON is described which understands and solves problems in mechanics mini-world of objects moving on surfaces. Facts and equations such as those given in mechanics text need…