In most eukaryotes, efficient energy generation depends on the presence of a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. The respiratory chain is composed of five protein complexes, with dozens of accessory factors that participate and are essential to their correct assembly. However,…

The urogenital system performs essential functions for life and reproduction in all vertebrate species. In humans, congenital malformations of the urogenital system rank among the most common birth defects and can cause life-threatening complications in adults. Therefore, understanding urogenital system…