Abstract: Born into a religious family, Ḥamka traveled extensively to acquire knowledge. Having gained mastery of Arabic, ḤAMKA translated the Qur’ān, commented extensively on its various aspects and used it as a tool for the purification of Islam in Indonesia.…

To explore the spatial scales at which boreal forest birds respond to landscape structure and how those responses are influenced by forest harvest, we quantified the relationship between amounts of forest in the landscape at multiple spatial scales and the…

The appearance and continuous growth of virtual communities on the web imposes the challenge of coping with the large amount of information and knowledge these communities produce. The Semantic Web with its set of standards and technologies provides the basic…

Metrics used on development of expert systems is not a well investigated problem area. This article suggests some metrics to be used to measure the maturity of the conceptualization process and the complexity of the decision process in the problem…

In this thesis, I examine how spinning off new ventures from academic institutions works in an environment outside developed high tech clusters and how it affects models of ventures. I examine these questions by studying the case of Belgium. There…

All intelligence relies on search - for example, the search for an intelligent agent's next action. Search is only likely to succeed in resource-bounded agents if they have already been biased towards finding the right answer. In artificial agents, the…

This paper presents the automatic extension of TERSEO to other languages,
a knowledge-based system for the recognition and
normalization of temporal expressions, originally developed for
Spanish.

TERSEO was extended to English and Italian through the
automatic translation of the…

Discussion of the natural sciences had a foundational role in the development of the sociology of race and racism, underpinning the claim that races should, if at all, be studied as social rather than natural phenomena. Whatever its strengths, the…

In this paper we focus on the challenges in preserving indigenous knowledge systems. We explore the challenges of managing indigenous knowledge in the context of intellectual property rights and bio-piracy threats. We analyse how indigenous knowledge affects the lives of…

Human society passed various stages like hunting and gathering society, peasant society, Industrial society and post- industrial society. Post – industrial society is recognized as ‘Knowledge Society’. Knowledge is more valuable product than any other goods in knowledge society. Today…