The necessity of verification tools for Knowledge Based-Systems (KBSs), that help to guarantee a certain degree of quality and reliability of these systems will increase in the future when more critical systems are developed in areas such as industry, science,…

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. It imposes an enormous economic burden on the families of patients and on society. The purpose of this review is to give an overview about diverse animal models…

A case of an 11-months-old girl with vomiting and laryngeal stridor is presented, and in whom a Kommerell diverticulum was demonstrated, which is a rare variant of the incomplete vascular ring. It is well known that the magnetic resonance is…

As neonatology continues to advance medical knowledge and situations surrounding the care of ill and premature newborns, each step introduces ill- defined methodologies, unknown outcomes, and increasing costs. In countries such as Mexico, the government hospitals assume the cost of…

In this paper we present a very simple derivation of the constants of motion for dynamical systems, which requires only an elementary knowledge of the theory of continuous groups. In addition, through the infinitesimal Lorenz transformations group, we obtain a…

OBJECTIVE: This comparison of population-based representative samples of adult smokers in Canada (n=1 751) and Mexico (n=1 081) aimed to determine whether cigarette packages with graphic warning labels in Canada had a stronger impact than the text-only warning labels in…

A two-dimensional Laplace equation is separable in elliptic coordinates and leads to a Chebyshev-like differential equation for both angular and radial variables. In the case of the angular variable η (-1 < η < 1), the solutions are the well…

Secure multimedia communication presents new challenges that are difficult to handle using by currently adopted encryption schemes (RSA-Rivest-Shamir-Adelman, AES-Advanced Encryption Standard, and IDEA-International Data Encryption algorithm) (28). It requires the processing of huge amounts of information at speeds ranging from…

We have obtained photometry in B and R for seven confirmed or probable polar-ring galaxies from the Polar-Ring Catalog of Whitmore et al. (1990). The rings show a range of colors from B -R ≈ 0.6 to B - R…

In this paper we state how Cognitive Maps can be used to model causal phenomena. In addition, we show the application of the Cognitive Maps to the field of the Student Modeling. Conceptually speaking, Cognitive Maps set and simulate the…