and (ii) the derived state of the breeding (rather than winter) ecological niches of each species., The evolution of migration has long been considered complex and recent work has demonstrated additional complexity: some species follow the same ecological conditions throughout…

Mixing upper level undergraduates majoring in engineering with those majoring in biology, we have devised a course on biologically-inspired design (BID) that provides practical training in methods and techniques that facilitate the identification and translation of biological principles into solutions…

In various species of crayfish it has been proposed that different extra-retinal photoreceptors and pacemakers could be involved in the photo entrainment mechanisms. The identity of the neural structures responsible for this phenomenon is not known. The objective of this…

Integrate and fire processes are fundamental mechanisms causing excitable and oscillatory behavior. Van der Pol [Philos. Mag. (7) 2 (11) (1926) 978] studied oscillations caused by these processes, which he called,relaxation oscillations' and pointed out their relevance, not only to…