In plasma etching process it is critical to know when the film being etched has cleared to the underlying film, i.e. to detect endpoint, in order to achieve the desired device performance in the resulting integrated circuit. The most highly…

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The amount of information stored in databases doubled at every 20 months. There is important knowledge stored in text databases. The aim of these article was to solve the problem of “searching from general to particular” (SGP) in document databases.…

Objective: To practice evidence-based medicine a core set of concepts must be mastered. Recognizing this, we sought to develop and assess a mini-course in evidence-based medicine for fourth-year medical students. Design: A two-hour curriculum on evidence-based medicine training was developed…

Concept maps are bi-dimensional representations of cognitive structures showing the hierarchies and the interconnections of concepts involved in a discipline or a subdiscipline. Concept maps can be done in different ways, but they are best done using computer software designed…

If we are to understand human-level intelligence, we need to understand how meanings can be learned without explicit instruction. I take a step toward that understanding by focusing on the symbol-grounding problem, showing how symbols can emerge from a system…

Context can be described as the totality of ideas, situations and information that (a) related to, (b) provide the origins for, and (c) influence our response, perspective or judgment of a thing. Design always takes place in a context. However,…

Conversational interfaces have received much attention as a promising natural communication channel between humans and computers. A typical conversational interface consists of three major systems: speech understanding, dialog management and spoken language generation. In such a conversational interface, speech recognition…

Gene expression arrays are a technology used to measure quantities of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Application of the technology involves a variety of physical processes beginning with the acquisition of mRNA samples and ending with the fluorescence imaging of a…

We intend to suggest here methods for promoting the sites on World Wide Web. To optimize your site for the search engine it is necessary to follow a certain strategy when you build the hypertext. The methods we suggest are…