The experimental results of diffraction efficiency as a function of the geometrical disposition of recording beams in bleached silver halide transmission thick-holographic gratings are presented. Two variables have been used to relate these results with certain geometric parameters. These variables…

Bleached holograms are one of the most interesting techniques used to produce phase holograms of high quality on photographic emulsions. Of particular interest is the method of fixation-free rehalogenating bleaching. Using Kogelnik's coupled-wave theory we shall obtain information about the…

An afocal two-element holographic imaging system is presented. This system can be used to work in white light. The holographic optical elements (holographic lenses) are made as thick phase holograms on silver halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) and they present a…

We have analyzed in an interrelated way the main processes that occur in a glow discharge system: generation of the energetic particles that strike the cathode, emission of sputtered and reflected atoms from the cathode, and transport of these particles…

We examine the evolution of the refractive index modulation when recording gratings in an acrylamide based photopolymer. A nonlocal diffusion model is used to predict theoretically the grating evolution. The model has been developed to account for both nonlocal spatial…

In this work we study the effect of the glass substrate on the efficiencies of the different orders that propagate inside a transmission sinusoidal diffraction grating. Holographic optical elements are usually recorded on a photosensitive medium deposited on to a…

A new analytical approximate expression for the period of the simple pendulum is obtained by using a heuristic but pedagogical derivation. This formula depends on two parameters obtained by comparing term-by-term the power-series expansions of the approximate and exact expressions…

An analytical approximate procedure for a class of conservative single degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillators with odd non-linearity is proposed. This technique is based on the generalized harmonic balance method in which analytical approximate solutions have rational forms. Unlike the classical harmonic…

The analytical approximate technique developed by Wu et al for conservative oscillators with odd nonlinearity is used to construct approximate frequency-amplitude relations and periodic solutions to the dynamically shifted oscillator. This nonlinear oscillator is described by an equation of motion…

A second-order modified rational harmonic balance method is used for approximately solve the nonlinear differential equation that governs the oscillations of a system typified as a mass attached to a stretched elastic wire for which the restoring force for this…