Silver halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) is one of the most promising techniques for the fabrication of transmission holographic optical elements, achieving relatively high sensitivity of photographic material with the low scattering and high light stability of dichromated gelatin. In this…

The coupled wave theory of Kogelnik has given a well-established basis for the comprehension of how light propagates inside a volume hologram. This theory gives a good approximation for the diffraction efficiency of both volume phase holograms and volume absorption…

A model is proposed which allows us to obtain the diffraction efficiency of photopolymeric materials with a nonlinear response to the refraction index, using the equations on the evolution of copolymerization reactions as a base. The photochemical material being analysed…

We present two methods, interferometry at the zero spatial frequency limit and analysis of diffracted orders for very low spatial frequency gratings, to characterize photopolymers with dispersed nematic liquid crystals. These methods provide us with real time information about the…

The chromatic sensitivity of holographic optical elements for use in optical interconnect systems is quantified using an entropy merit function. The influence of broad-band illumination on axial irradiance and intensity is studied showing that the best imaging point obtained with…

To calculate retinal magnification and visual acuity in highly myopic phakic eyes corrected with anterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) versus correction by other methods.
Relative retinal magnification (RRM) was used to study changes in retinal image size induced by different…

A reduced set of measurement geometries allows the spectral reflectance of special effect coatings to be predicted for any other geometry. A physical model based on flake-related parameters has been used to determine nonredundant measurement geometries for the complete description…

The methods of differential geometry are used with the assumption that rays of light follow geodesic trajectories in a space whose metric is determined by the refraction index. Keeping this in mind, we show that these hypotheses are equivalent to…

Spontaneous eye blinking is a complex process, which implies the joint actions of the eyelid muscles and the eye globe. These actions provoke the eyelid closure and simultaneous eye retraction into the orbit. Recently, the authors presented a non-invasive technique…

To validate clinically an algorithm for correcting the error in the keratometric
estimation of corneal power by using a variable keratometric index of refraction (nk) in a normal healthy population.