The visual and optical anisotropies of metallic and pearlescent samples have been evaluated using a multi-gonio-spectrophotometer and by adapting a gonio-template over the instrument aperture for measuring the relative spectral reflectance factor when the sample is rotated around an axis…

Kogelnik's coupled-wave (CW) theory has been used for decades to predict the diffraction efficiency of volume diffraction gratings. Although this theory has been applied with success to volume diffraction gratings recorded under a great variety of experimental conditions, its predictions…

We present a systematic algorithm capable of searching for optimal colors for any lightness L* (between 0 and
100), any illuminant (D65, F2, F7, F11, etc.), and any light source reported by CIE. Color solids are graphed in
some color…

The eye is not a centered system. The line of sight connects the fovea with the center of the pupil and is usually tilted in the temporal direction. Thus, off-axis optical aberrations, mainly coma and oblique astigmatism, are introduced at…

Videokeratometers and Scheimpflug cameras permit accurate estimation of corneal surfaces. From height data it is possible to adjust analytical surfaces that will be later used for aberration calculation. Zernike polynomials are often used as adjusting polynomials, but they have shown…

The human eye is a complex dynamic system that undergoes fine rotations and deformations. Usually information about the eye globe deformation and micromovements are averaged and lost when using commercial measuring devices, although they provide important information about the eye’s…

In this paper we analyze a simple experiment to study the effects of polarized light. A simple optical system composed of a polarizer, a retarder (cellotape) and an analyzer is used to study the effect on the polarization state of…

Purpose: To evaluate and compare visual, refractive, and corneal aberrometric outcomes after implantation of 2 types of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) in eyes with early to moderate ectatic disease. Settings: Vissum Corporation-Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. Methods: This…

We estimated the number of colors perceived by color normal and color-deficient observers when looking at the theoretic limits of object-color stimuli. These limits, the optimal color stimuli, were computed for a color normal observer and CIE standard illuminant D65,…

Surfaces with radial structure do not fit well to squared detectors or sampling matrices. Cartesian grid sampling provides a different density of nodes in sectors. Zernike polynomials are a complete set of orthogonal polynomials defined on a unit disk often…