Silver halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) is one of the most promising techniques for the fabrication of transmission holographic optical elements, achieving relatively high sensitivity of photographic material with the low scattering and high light stability of dichromated gelatin. In this…

We propose a two step method which enables us to obtain transmission Holographic Optical Elements of high diffraction efficiency as well as a good signal-to-noise relation. By means of a device using partially coherent light, a master Holographic Optical Element…

Equations are derived for determining third-order wavefront aberrations in the plane of the exit pupil from the known aberration in the plane of a holographic lens. Using the transformation equations of wavefront aberration when the plane of the exit pupil…

Based on the results of the coupled-wave theory the diffraction efficiency is calculated for thick phase transmission holographic gratings taking into account the chemical processing of the recording material. Three effects of processing are considered: variations in the average refractive…

The experimental results of diffraction efficiency as a function of the geometrical disposition of recording beams in bleached silver halide transmission thick-holographic gratings are presented. Two variables have been used to relate these results with certain geometric parameters. These variables…

A new model to describe the influences of chemical processing on thick holograms is presented. The model is based on three hypotheses about the behaviour of holographic recording material during processing. Thickness variations and shear-type effects that are due to…

3,3'-Bis(dialkylaminomethyl)-1,1'-binaphth-2-ols (Binolams) have emerged during the last five years as very efficient chiral ligands in many enantioselective processes. Enantiomerically pure Binolams are easily accessible by means of a variety of methods, the most widely used being the so-called chiral Binol…

Games such as marbles, knucklebones, triangle, hopscotch and ring-based games are played in modern times in Mediterranean countries, but they date back to the 5th century BC, and are mentioned by Alcibiades. Taking as a basis these interesting facts, we…

An analytical approximate procedure for a class of conservative single degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillators with odd non-linearity is proposed. This technique is based on the generalized harmonic balance method in which analytical approximate solutions have rational forms. Unlike the classical harmonic…

The analytical approximate technique developed by Wu et al for conservative oscillators with odd nonlinearity is used to construct approximate frequency-amplitude relations and periodic solutions to the dynamically shifted oscillator. This nonlinear oscillator is described by an equation of motion…